The Caste System Essay Example For Students

The Caste System Essay The establishment of position framework, one of the fundamental mainstays of the Hindu society can be considered as old as the Hindu society itself. In any case, throughout the years, the foundation has experienced a transformative change. Anyway there is a spectacular distinction between the position framework pervasive and rehearsed at that point and now. The station framework should have a perfect source and assent behind it. The standing delineation of the Indian culture had its inception in the chaturvarna framework. As per the chaturvarna regulation, the Hindu society was isolated into four fundamental varnas to be specific, the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas and the Sudras. The Varna framework which was pervasive during the Vedic time frame was predominantly founded on the division of work and occupation. The Rigveda alludes to the Supreme Purusha (master) as the maker of the four gatherings. The Brahmins began from the mouth of the Lord, the Kshatriya from his arms, and the Vaishyas from the thighs and the Sudras from his feet. Each class was allocated explicit capacities to perform and they were appraised in the general public as per the undertaking they performed. We will compose a custom paper on The Caste System explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now There is no proof to show that intermarriages were denied in the Vedic age. In actuality, up to 300 BC limitations as to marriage for Brahmins were not in the slightest degree as inflexible as they became in medieval and current occasions. The incalculable positions presently found in the nation should maybe be the branch of the between standing relationships that had occurred. The first plan of classes (varnas) was common and depended on the control of an individual as opposed to on birth. The arrangement of stations which is pervasive in India today and which lays accentuation on birth and heredity shares nothing for all intents and purpose with the four varnas dependent on race, culture, character, and calling. The soul of restrictiveness and the feeling of prevalence and pride which separated the Aryans from non-Aryans did, anyway impact the division and developments of individuals into incalculable jatis dependent on contrast of occupation, group, and different causes which are currently predominant in the Indian culture. At the point when the soul of selectiveness and misrepresented ideas of stately virtue which were applied to non-Aryans regarding conciliatory custom, were elucidated methodicallly and reached out to different gatherings in light of the alleged pollution of specific occupations, it offered ascend to untouchables, an illness exceptional to the Hindu society. The division which was at first made for the smooth working of the general public, at the appointed time of time, transformed into an unbending and water tight compartment. For the sake of position, the general public was tossed into a horrifyingly dim pit from where there was no relief. At the point when India picked up her freedom, the position framework was at the pinnacle of its darkest stage. The pioneers of the free development understood this and felt that the whole society was in question and it dissolved the certifications of the individuals. This part of the Indian culture subverted the very standards of majority rule government. The composers of the Constitution never tried for a nation that was torn on account of inner fracture which was absolutely man made. The recently conceived nation proceeded with the majority rule belief systems, a heritage which they had acquired from the British. Vote based system intends to secure and advance the nobility and basic privileges of the people, impart social equity, and it cultivates monetary and social turn of events. In a majority rule government, the individuals can pick their agents, as they reserve the privilege to take part in the political procedure of the nation. In a law based framework, all residents reserve the privilege to be heard. The Indian Constitution is guzzled with law based beliefs like intermittent decisions, rule of law, key rights, mandate standards, and so on. The composers of the Constitution gave protects in the Constitution, which would treat all individuals at standard with each other. Consequently, the Preamble of the Constitution expresses that the individuals of India set out to establish India into a Sovereign Democratic Republic and to make sure about for every one of its residents the accompanying goals in particular freedom of thought, articulation, conviction, confidence, and love, uniformity of status and opportunity, organization, attesting the pride of the individual and the solidarity of the country. The Preamble of the Constitution states quickly the wide and long haul goals of the sort of society which the individuals of India intended to develop. The individuals attempted to accomplish objectives by getting political and financial changes a majority rule way. The composers of the Constitution were persuaded that the customary estimations of Indian culture, which focused on the profound and good flawlessness of the individual, could be acknowledged uniquely inside the national law based structure. .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 , .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 .postImageUrl , .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 , .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653:hover , .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653:visited , .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653:active { border:0!important; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653:active , .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51 653587c80d336eab653 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8e2d4dfdc4b51653587c80d336eab653:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Tragedy and the Common Man EssayThere will be no majority rule government in India except if there is solid and incorporated national society. Because of verifiable reasons, India has been a gathering spot of numerous races and societies. While keeping up its different character, it is basic that the various social gatherings live in amicability, have a passionate distinguishing proof with the national society, and take an interest effectively in reinforcing its bonds. The national cognizance in India has neither a long history nor profound roots. India achieved its nationhood in the cutting edge sense just during the time spent contradicting the British guideline. When the British ventured out of Indian soil, the coupling bunch of national solidarity started to slacken itself, and the limited loyalties to standing, faction, or language bunches started to raise its head. The eventual fate of Indian vote based system will rely upon the manner in which it can address the difficulties emerging out of the different social issues emerging in the Indian subcontinent due to the people groups confusions and bogus fondness to stick to the customary past. To mitigate the wrongs done because of visually impaired confidence and backing to the standing framework, the Constitution has embraced different measures. The Constitution by fusing different articles, ensures equivalent chance to all residents in all issues identifying with business or arrangement to any office under the State. It explicitly sets out that no resident will, on grounds of religion, race, standing, sex, drop, spot of birth, living arrangement, or any of them, be ineligible for, or oppressed in regard of any work or office under the State. The Constitution additionally denies the act of unapproachability in any structure. The privilege to opportunity gives in addition to other things, the privilege to the act of any calling without limitation. The privilege to non-misuse ensures opportunity from constrained work. Through the consolidation of these articles, most extreme endeavors have been made to build up fairness among all segments of the general public. Through the usage of the articles consolidated in the Indian Constitution, the significant push has been moved from the station to the person as the unit of Indian culture. It is inappropriate to believe that the protected measures have prevailing with regards to limiting the effect of station on the general public. The station framework keeps on practicing a ground-breaking impact on the political, social and monetary existence of the individuals. With the presentation of grown-up establishment, individuals have gotten aware of the intensity of the vote. Since stations are the most sorted out gatherings, lawmakers think that its simple to charm the individuals. Truth be told, ideological groups take extraordinary consideration to choose those applicants who can get most of votes of a specific position. Station bonds are extremely solid in rustic India. Individuals I

Calculus Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analytics - Coursework Example Their expert foundations assumed a significant job in the manner they saw Calculus and its application. Since Newton was a physicist, his reasoning was affected by physical issue and that is the reason he applied Calculus to attempt to clarify physical wonders. Since Leibniz was a Mathematician, Calculus to him was to a greater extent a factual undertaking that necessary profound examination. In any case, both contributed incredibly to the disclosure and use of Calculus. Newton was answerable for building up the converse connection between the necessary (region underneath a bend) and the subordinate (incline of a bend). Leibniz’s work drove him to find the documentations utilized for taking the basic and the subsidiary. At the point when both of their work was consolidated, it prompted the arrangement of Calculus. This view was not generally held and there was a question with respect to who, between the two men, really found Calculus. Newton guaranteed that he had in 1666, at 23 years old, designed Calculus, when he had started chipping away at a method known as fluents and fluxions. Concerning Gottfried, in 1675, because of his interest with the digression line, he started directing exploration on Calculus. Despite the fact that Newton had found the standards of Calculus prior on, he didn't distribute his discoveries, not at all like Leibnitz who distributed his in 1684. Thusly, as an issue of open record, some regarded Leibnitz as the individual who found the standards first. Subsequently, this prompted the Newton-Leibnitz contention that kept on seething on hundreds of years after the fact. Newton’s Publication of Principia, in 1687, has additionally been a wellspring of discussion since it isn't completely known whether he remembered his functions for Calculus. Nonetheless, in a 1693 distribution, he distributed piece of his work on fluxion documentation, however he completely distributed his work in 1704 (Jahnke 78). Newton appears to have been the one with the most punctual advancement, yet all alone, his work was fragmented. The appropriation of Leibnitz documentation is very

How To Manage A Chatty Class

How To Manage A Chatty Class Julie, Head of Content and Curriculum, shares tips for managing a chatty class. If you are losing instruction time due to crosstalk and constant interruptions, these strategies will help you get back on track tomorrow. by Julie Mason It sounds good in theory: your students are all eager to share their ideas and participate in class. However, what happens when your chatty class is off topic and engaged in so much crosstalk that you can’t get a word in, let alone teach the lesson? Here are our favorite strategies for encouraging participation while not losing essential instruction time: Put Your Two Cents In This one works well for all grade levels. The premise is simple: you give each student two pennies. If you aren’t comfortable using actual money, you can give them two small Lego bricks, two stickers, really two of anything that is small and can sit on their desk. Each student has two opportunities to share during the lesson. You circulate the room, and collect their “pennies” as they participate. Once they have used both, the expectation is that they shift to listener. It is up to you if you want to require all students to participate twice or not. During the beginning of the year, I recommend offering students the option to pass. I also passed out Post It notes, and if students didn’t want to speak, but still wanted to share, they could write down their comment or question, and I would read it. Parking Lot: Park It! If I was stranded on a deserted island with all my students and could only use one teaching strategy - this one would be it. It is that good. Here is how it works: somewhere in your classroom post a large piece of chart paper on a wall. Create a space for each student and write their names in the space. Make sure that all students have access to Post It notes. Let students know that if they have a burning question or comment during your lesson that they should write it down. When there is a break in the lesson or you shift to independent work or partner work, that they should get up and place their Post It note on their space in the Parking Lot. You can then check the notes and circulate and check in. An added bonus for this one: If students start to interrupt you during a lesson, all you have to say is “Park it!” You can go right back to your teaching, and the student has a place to write down their questions and knows that you will get to them when you are ready. Predictable Structure and Routines If your students are chatty and off topic, it is essential to have a predictable class structure with an entry and exit routine. Greet students at the door as they walk into the room and provide them with a Do Now or activator so they know to sit down and get started, and there is no time for them to start chatting with their neighbor. Write the agenda for class on your board, and use it to redirect students and remind students what needs to get done. Give students an Exit Ticket or provide them with a self-assessment during the last five minutes of class. If students complete the classwork early, give it to them sooner so they have something to do. Make sure you have some choice boards or extensions ready to go for your early finishers so they don’t think they can start chatting and distract other students because their work is done. Stop and Stay Silent I learned this one from my cooperating teacher when I was doing student-teaching. If your students won’t stop talking and it is keeping you from getting through the lesson, stop. Stop talking and stand still. This will feel very uncomfortable at first. You will likely feel like it isn’t working, but trust me. Your students will begin to realize that you are no longer talking. They will stop talking and stare at you. Even once the talking has stopped stay still and silent. Your body language is sending a powerful lesson that you will be respected and not interrupted. You can also try hand signals. I would raise my hand up and ask the students to also raise their hand up. Eventually all hands would go up and it served as a class reset. This is an important expectation to introduce at the beginning of the school year. What strategies do you use for not letting side conversations derail your lesson? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Julie Mason is the Head of Content and Curriculum for TeacherVision. She brings an expertise in blended and personalized learning, instructional coaching, and curriculum design to the role. She was a middle and high school English teacher for eight years and most recently taught at Dana Hall, an all girls school in Wellesley, MA. She was a blended and personalized learning instructional coach for K-12 teachers at BetterLesson for two years, and she has presented at The National Principals Conference, ISTE, and ASCD where she shared her expertise on how instructional coaching builds teacher capacity in K-12 schools. She has extensive experience designing and facilitating professional development for teachers, and she oversees the TeacherVision advisory board.

How To Manage A Chatty Class

How To Manage A Chatty Class Julie, Head of Content and Curriculum, shares tips for managing a chatty class. If you are losing instruction time due to crosstalk and constant interruptions, these strategies will help you get back on track tomorrow. by Julie Mason It sounds good in theory: your students are all eager to share their ideas and participate in class. However, what happens when your chatty class is off topic and engaged in so much crosstalk that you can’t get a word in, let alone teach the lesson? Here are our favorite strategies for encouraging participation while not losing essential instruction time: Put Your Two Cents In This one works well for all grade levels. The premise is simple: you give each student two pennies. If you aren’t comfortable using actual money, you can give them two small Lego bricks, two stickers, really two of anything that is small and can sit on their desk. Each student has two opportunities to share during the lesson. You circulate the room, and collect their “pennies” as they participate. Once they have used both, the expectation is that they shift to listener. It is up to you if you want to require all students to participate twice or not. During the beginning of the year, I recommend offering students the option to pass. I also passed out Post It notes, and if students didn’t want to speak, but still wanted to share, they could write down their comment or question, and I would read it. Parking Lot: Park It! If I was stranded on a deserted island with all my students and could only use one teaching strategy - this one would be it. It is that good. Here is how it works: somewhere in your classroom post a large piece of chart paper on a wall. Create a space for each student and write their names in the space. Make sure that all students have access to Post It notes. Let students know that if they have a burning question or comment during your lesson that they should write it down. When there is a break in the lesson or you shift to independent work or partner work, that they should get up and place their Post It note on their space in the Parking Lot. You can then check the notes and circulate and check in. An added bonus for this one: If students start to interrupt you during a lesson, all you have to say is “Park it!” You can go right back to your teaching, and the student has a place to write down their questions and knows that you will get to them when you are ready. Predictable Structure and Routines If your students are chatty and off topic, it is essential to have a predictable class structure with an entry and exit routine. Greet students at the door as they walk into the room and provide them with a Do Now or activator so they know to sit down and get started, and there is no time for them to start chatting with their neighbor. Write the agenda for class on your board, and use it to redirect students and remind students what needs to get done. Give students an Exit Ticket or provide them with a self-assessment during the last five minutes of class. If students complete the classwork early, give it to them sooner so they have something to do. Make sure you have some choice boards or extensions ready to go for your early finishers so they don’t think they can start chatting and distract other students because their work is done. Stop and Stay Silent I learned this one from my cooperating teacher when I was doing student-teaching. If your students won’t stop talking and it is keeping you from getting through the lesson, stop. Stop talking and stand still. This will feel very uncomfortable at first. You will likely feel like it isn’t working, but trust me. Your students will begin to realize that you are no longer talking. They will stop talking and stare at you. Even once the talking has stopped stay still and silent. Your body language is sending a powerful lesson that you will be respected and not interrupted. You can also try hand signals. I would raise my hand up and ask the students to also raise their hand up. Eventually all hands would go up and it served as a class reset. This is an important expectation to introduce at the beginning of the school year. What strategies do you use for not letting side conversations derail your lesson? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Julie Mason is the Head of Content and Curriculum for TeacherVision. She brings an expertise in blended and personalized learning, instructional coaching, and curriculum design to the role. She was a middle and high school English teacher for eight years and most recently taught at Dana Hall, an all girls school in Wellesley, MA. She was a blended and personalized learning instructional coach for K-12 teachers at BetterLesson for two years, and she has presented at The National Principals Conference, ISTE, and ASCD where she shared her expertise on how instructional coaching builds teacher capacity in K-12 schools. She has extensive experience designing and facilitating professional development for teachers, and she oversees the TeacherVision advisory board.

Friedrich Nietzsche s Philosophy And Ethics - 2039 Words

The Antichrist Samuel Edwards Central Christian College May 6, 2016 Abstract: Friedrich Nietzsche devoted his life to the study of philosophy and ethics. In particular to topics regarding Christianity and Atheism. A majority of his writings are against Christianity and The Antichrist is no different. The following paper will look into what Nietzsche wrote in The Antichrist and explore the ethical principles that he proposes and dismisses in this writing. The Antichrist is a collection of Friedrich Nietzsche writings that were put together by his niece shortly after his death. She wrote an opening preface before his collection of writings that explain her desire for publishing the writings and defending his standpoint. In her opening statements, which were approximately 20% of the entire book, she made some claims about Nietzsche, his writings, and his beliefs. She states that Nietzsche â€Å"†¦intended to attack Christianity headlong and with all arms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that â€Å"All his wrath†¦ was reserved for â€Å"St. Pau l and his like,† who perverted the Beatitudes which Christ intended for the lowly only.† Despite saying this Nietzsche staid that he never set out to destroy Christianity all together, so that the lowly and unintelligent would still have an outlet. But to destroy Christianity for the intellectuals and the scholars. Oddly enough he set out to â€Å"†¦make Paul the villain, and Jesus a bystander.† ( After the introduction by his niece a collection of 62 essays are arrangedShow MoreRelatedNietzsche s Philosophy On Personal Life And Education1200 Words   |  5 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was a German, writer, poet, thinker and philopher. He was renowned for his ideas on the end of religion, existentialism and the concept of good and evil. Nietzsche focused essentially on the end of religion. He once declared that â€Å"God is dead†, a statement that decidedly defied Christianity as well as morality. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he was rapt in the development of â€Å"individual and cultural health, and believed in life, creativity, power, and down-to-earthRead MoreNietzsche s Critique Of Nicomachean Ethics By Using On The Genealogy Of Morals Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche and Aristotle were great philosophers of their respective times, but their ideas and beliefs were completely different from each other. The focus of this paper will be on Nietzsche’s critique of Nicomachean Ethics by using On the Genealogy of Morals. Nietzsche had a different outlook on philosophy, especially in historical and goal oriented terms. According to Nietzsche, everything, including virtues, needed to be understood through change and historical development. AristotleRead MoreMaster Morality vs. Slave Morality: Neiztche867 Words   |  4 Pages(Wikipedia Morality) Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, a German philosopher thought up of the idea that there are two moralities; The master and slave morality. The se define a person by there actions to there world around them and how they handle certain situations they encounter throughout their natural life. I believe he chose these two because they seem to be strong opposites and there are rational. The first morality Nietzsche writes about is the master morality. Nietzsche defined master moralityRead MoreThe Genealogy Of Morals By Friedrich Nietzsche Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesPrompt 1 On the Genealogy of Morals by Friedrich Nietzsche is typically listed as one of the most important philosophical works of the modern era. It is only modern, of course, to philosophical standards, being a mere 129 years old. 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Professional Profile Innovator And Digital Marketing...

Professional Profile Innovator and Digital Marketing professional with over 14 years of progressive experience in digital marketing, interactive strategy, creative business solutions and eCommerce. Over 10 years experience driving revenue and profit increases through the web. Expert in international and local online marketing, business negotiations, project management, problem solving, creativity, multi-tasking, analytical and boosting sales growth by using digital marketing An entrepreneurial spirit that is passionate about growing the business within a fast paced environment, and helping others in Africa to start and grow their startups by offering tools and continuous mentoring Developing the first job assessment tests in Online Marketing and Social Media, in the US. The pilot project will kick off by Jan of 2016. Intelligent and ambitious with the ability to multi-task and improve processes by implementing creative business solutions Ability to build relationships and influence external third parties Superior verbal, written and presentation skills Fluent in two languages; English Arabic Area of expertise: Search Engine Optimization Pay Per Click marketing Social Media Marketing Website design development Sales Force Mobile Ads Marketing Web Analytics Landing page optimization Website hosting and Emails Ecommerce marketing Mobile Apps Marketing A/B and multivariate Testing Email Marketing Blogging Youtube Marketing Core Competence Technology leadership BusinessShow MoreRelatedBusiness Communication Trends1664 Words   |  7 Pagesincludes; wikipedia, social-networking tools, portable media players, personal digital assistants and telepresence. Many organizations are using wikipedia, an online form of content knowledge management, in which users can post information or collaborate on projects. 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PROVIDE EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWERS ON THE BASIS OF EITHER A SINGLE CASE COMPANY OR SEVERAL COMPANIES FROM ANY INDUSTRY OF YOUR CHOICE. â€Æ' Table of Contents TITLE PAGE 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 MARKET SEGMENTATION 3 TARGET MARKETING 6 ONLINE NETWORKING SITES 7 CONCLUSION 8 REFERENCE LIST 9 â€Æ'Read MoreEmerging Trends in Retail Marketing1856 Words   |  8 PagesEmerging Trends in Retail Marketing strategy Retail Marketing The essence of retail marketing is developing merchandise and services that satisfy specific needs of customers, and supplying them at prices that will yield profits. Thereby the concept is a philosophy, not a system of retailing or retail structure. In todays CRM landscape the old analogy comparing the rifle and shotgun approaches to message and / or offer delivery is perhaps more appropriate than ever, as more retailRead MoreHubspot Case Analysis2368 Words   |  10 PagesHubSpot: Inbound Marketing and Web 2.0 Highlighted S.W.O.T. 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These avenuesRead MoreSegmenting, Targeting, Positioning of Ipad2823 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Marketing is an organizational function and a set of process to creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationship in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholder. To delivery its value, the company needs a marketing plan and strategy. The objectives of a marketing strategy are to identify a target market and develop a marketing mix that will appeal to those potential customers. Decisions regarding the ideal marketing mix can beRead MoreKodak Options Memo2528 Words   |  11 Pagesfor Kodak to revamp its core strategy and regain popularity. Eastman Kodak has been the leader of photography and printing products for nearly 130 years. Over the last few years Kodak has been in distress due to its poor fundamental shift into the digital age. Lack of strategic creativity led Kodak to misunderstand the industry in which it was operating. This lack of strategic creativity was costly for Kodak. This memo will explore the options I briefly discussed in the previous memo, in order

Inclusion Of The Intellectually Disabled Community Essay

People have a desire to be seen and heard. When one thinks of their wants and ambitions, they think of what they feel is best for them. The intellectually disabled community have gone without being seen and their voices not heard for decades too long. The intellectually disabled community desire to be seen in social events, inclusion in education and in the workforce. This is an injustice to them that needs to be recognized and addressed. The intellectually disabled community have succeeded far greater when included in programs and social events that are designed for their success. The inclusion of the intellectually disabled community is important because without it their rights to live successful lives is taken away. Education is one of free benefits of living in the United States. Within the schools one can find many different types of students that all deserve the best education they can receive. Nonetheless, people with intellectually disability are often forgotten and thought as unteachable. As written by Deweaver et.al. in the article Persons with Mental Retardation: A Forgotten Minority in Education, â€Å"U. S. society values high intelligence, independence, and mental acumen, but can shun those people who represent the opposite of those values†. This has been represented with the idea that the intellectually disabled need to be separated from their peers and kept in special education classrooms. According to the journal, High School Students with IntellectualShow MoreRelatedInclusion in Our Public Schools Essay640 Words   |  3 PagesRetard, mentally handicapped, mentally disabled, special, mentally challenged, these are just a few of the names we have all heard in reference to i ndividuals who have disabilities. Despite the ongoing war against what to call these people, an even bigger war wages upon the notion of letting these children into normal classes or not. The war over total inclusion has been on the front line for well over forty years, and no end is in sight. The definition of inclusion is stated by Robert Fieldman andRead MoreAnnual Productivity Enhancement : Challenges And Resolutions Training Package1555 Words   |  7 PagesPackage †¢ Introduction †¢ Lifestyle Solutions is a not for profit organisation that assists with people with disabilities †¢ Commenced in 2001 Lifestyle Solutions aims to provide disability support, education, accommodation and social inclusions for the intellectually disabled. †¢ So, What is Dual Diagnosis? Broadly used dual diagnosis can said to be a person who experiences, simultaneously, two or more medical disorders. Moreover it is generally thought of as a person who has a form of addiction (predominantlyRead MoreThe Special Education System On Those With Disabilities1427 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted with distinguishing the purpose of inclusion, and if so, is it key in understanding the impact of the special education system on those with disabilities? In order to properly grasp the concept of inclusion, one would have to examine a series of documented research done on inclusion, and how it incorporates to a multitude of opportunities opening up to students with special needs. In this paper, there will be a briefing of the treatment of the disabled, from about the 1700s to the 2000s, andRead MoreUnderstanding the Context of Learning Disabilities Essay992 Words   |  4 Pages | Answer | 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 | Identify legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities. 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I can identify the polices and legislation designed to promote inclusion, human rights of individuals with learning disabilities and of their citizenship and equal life chances i.e. National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; Disability DiscriminationRead MoreSpecial Olympics Essay764 Words   |  4 Pagesdisabilities from 26 different states and Canada competed in Track and Field, Swimming and Floor Hockey. This foundation was made because Eunice saw the unjustifying and mistreatment intellectual disabled people were getting. Later in the 1970’s and 1980’s, the amount of respect and admiration for disabled people and the movement of the foundation began grow globally. 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Explain what is meant by: Diversity Equality Inclusion Mean by Diversity the differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, ethnic origins, social, cultural or religious background, family structure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance. Our society is made up of people with a wide range of characteristics. Where people vary in a multitude of ways, including

Research Academic Skill Technology Digitalâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Research Academic Skill Technology of Digital? Answer: Introduction: Beyond the clash between the technophobia and the technophilia, the impact of digital technology on the quality learning has been rapidly increasing since the 1980s. Kuliks meta-analysis first showed that technology has no impact on quality teaching as well as learning for the matter of performance of the learners' performance. Russells research also showed that the impact of advanced technology rarely made any differences on students performances. According to the critics of those researchers, no strong evidence was provided in those research papers about the technologys impact on learning. However, it cannot be neglected that the smell of new books, as well as the chemistry lab, can never be replaced by the usage of technology. After Kulik's publication, nobody could give a satisfactory answer, because assessing technology's impact on learning was unknown. After all the relationship of us to the world is saved by technologies, which has become a part of our regular lives, whether people or immigrant. Understanding of people about the links between pedagogy and technology is being improved. People no longer keep belief on the fact map all students can be applied with ICT, digitally native students can be provided with ICT. People also do not believe any more technology can be used anywhere and anytime. Digital technology is needed to come as a strategic priority but is deficiency getting bodies as well as monitoring tools. It is also true that sufficient current initiatives have not been taken in local practices Body: As per the comment of ICT Development Index, which is developed by ITU or International Telecommunication Union, advanced countries are Northern European countries and South Korea. Comments have been increased everywhere from 2002 to 2007, the disparities, as well as the digital divide in the countries, have not seen any improvement even in 2009. In Today's education system, the biggest issue is digital immigrant instructors. According to Palfrey and Gasser (2013, p.45), They speak in a language is of Pre-digital age and are struggling for teaching generation whose language is entirely new. This thing is very obvious to digital natives. Schools offering face problems as unintelligible, heavily accented foreigners have been brought in, whom they have to teach. Digital natives used to get information very fast, and they like multitasking as well as the parallel process. Graphics are more preferred than text to them as stated by Berman, et al. (2014, p.1). They prefer hypertext-like Random Access. Their functions are dependent on networking. It gets better when networked. Digital natives thrive on frequent rewards as well as instant gratification. Games are more preferred than serious work to them. However, digital immigrants have little appreciation for such skills, and the digital natives have preferred as well as acquired? for practice and interaction. Immigrant thinks those skills as different skills. Digital immigrants do not at all believe that the students can learn while listening music or watching TV and they cannot as per the comment of Kirk et al.(2015, p.81). Digital image grant also thinks learning cannot be fun. Digital immigrant teachers think that today's learners are the same now as they have been. They still teach with the same method, which worked for them at the time when they were students themselves. Small students prefer tablet or desktop rather than a notebook, and they try to access content as well as tools outside the school and from Internet or from anywhere. So there are two ways one is immigrants can improve their teaching skills with technology usage while another is the natives can go back to the old. The second one is not possible. Academic climate of today has been totally changed then the years past. Classrooms have become complex centres of education for diverse students and narrowing the focus on international rankings has started curriculum in increasing the academic achievement level as per the comment of Ololube et al.( 2013, p.56). Digital Immigrant teachers are now looking for some solid credentials for preparing them to teach in the modern classroom, which includes rigorous coursework, reliance curriculum as well as applicable skills. Some solid academic foundations arrange online education programs for teachers to enter in the new classroom be prepared for this new style of learning. New tools of Technology, as well as resources, make it easier for engaging students in studies that are complex at all time for fostering interactive as well as the robust environment of learning as stated by Gu et al.( 2013, p.410). Starting from the integration of large screen in each classroom two web-based resources usage for supporting lessons, the technology has been rapidly changing of how the students are getting information, processing it as well as applying that information to their useful lives. Cloud computing, Mobile calculating, Tablet Computing, MOOCS, Learning Analytics are some technologies that are used by digital natives in their higher education (Joiner et al. 2014,p. 591). The technologies that the students use for their higher education have some limitations that they cannot cover up. Example, technology has not the power to remove the desire for work on learners, and it is not possible for the technology to download studies directly into the brain. Greater responsibility has to be taken by the learners as the technology offers learner-centered learning. The progress that comes out from the learners by the use of Technology is of higher quality. Hoffmann et al. (2014, p.155) think that the teachers are needed to update themselves and so their way of teaching in order to be matched with the new generation teaching. On the contrary, Bullen and Morgan (2016, p.60) think that technology does not at all replace the traditional way of educating students. Technology has greater usage in enhancing the quality of education, but the role of teachers still exists in seminar or lecture as per the comment of him. The role of chalk still exists on the blackboard after all the advancement of technology that has greater usage of education. Wang et al. (2013, p.409) think that human element cannot be changed by the technology as the role of professors have been changed but their lectures are still important. Still, all the students run towards college to attend classes of professors. Their roles are not removed. Interaction with highly educated teachers is still giving benefits to the students. Research evidence: As per the outcome of the research of University of Otego of New Zealand, and the University Malaysia Sarawak, no difference of generation is there in the social and personal usage... The research is such understanding the differences between the generation of the use of technology in learning, There are taking dimensions of the characteristics of learning altogether, and they are multitasking, connectedness, learning preference for the group work, goal-orientedness, social aspects, need for the immediacy and preference for the images over the text, structure in the learning, and literacy for digital natives (Yong and Gates, 2014, p.116). The research of the University created three groups altogether, is group 1 for the generation is of under 20. This group is called generation next and the second group is called net generation which consists of 20 to 30 ages generation. These two generations are digital natives. Group 3 consists of generation over 30, who are digital immigrants. The result of the research is no difference of generation is there common as well as personal usage of Technologies in the increased usage in learning. No differences of generation can determine the connectedness, the choices of images over a text, social aspects and experimental learning. Generational differences are evident in the fact that group1 preferred multitasking as well as working in groups more and they like the clear direction more regarding education. The study also showed that group 3 had clearer goals in lives whereas group 1, as well as group 2, had a need for their immediacy. The claims for Digital divide are not at all substantiated as per the result of this study. The differences between generations regarding the usage of Technology are petite according to this study. This study and some other related studies show that regarding e-learning and other structural education. So all the groups are to be educated by enhancing and improving the quality of teaching. Not any particular group is to be focused on. The next generations use such Technologies that are not at all highly necessary for the purpose of learning. Recommendations: Now the question that arises that does the education should be changed? Should literature fight to hold its existence? Yes, it should. It must evolve into a new form. It must not combat with the technology but must enlist the support of technology. As the coordinators of entertainment have been changed, the literature and other higher studies have to be changed. The studies have to exploit the lust for mysteries in PDF, eBooks, iPad. The old readers or the digital immigrants may miss the smell of the first page of a new book, and maybe they will be nostalgic but still old books have to survive and so the old teachers. The old teachers have to change their way of teaching and have to adapt themselves to the digital mode. Open Contest can be arranged by the teachers to judge the skill of students. They can give notes in PDF in place of dictating class notes. They can deliver their lectures through websites. The teachers must go away traditional printing notes and traditional way of del ivering lectures and gear themselves to face the new challenges. Conclusion: Then the old system of education like studying literature from books is dead? The answer is no. Education cannot die; teachers method cannot die when men are alive. People still go to the book fairs but the existence of textbooks is now the pigeonholes or in an extra piece of furniture full of books is a luxury. The old systems of education will not die. It is just that the teaching style of digital immigrants is to be upgraded. Glossary: Cloud Computing: The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. MOOCS: A course of study made available over the Internet without charge to a colossal number of people. Digital Immigrant: A person born or brought up before the widespread use of digital technology. Digital Native: A person born or brought up during the age of digital technology and so familiar with computers and the Internet from an early age References: Berman, R. and Hassell, D., 2014. Digital Native and Digital Immigrant Use of Scholarly Network for Doctoral Learners.Journal of educators Online,11(1), p.n1. Bullen, M. and Morgan, T., 2016. Digital learners not digital natives.La Cuestin Universitaria, (7), pp.60-68. Gu, X., Zhu, Y. and Guo, X., 2013. Meeting the" Digital Natives": Understanding the Acceptance of Technology in Classrooms.Educational Technology Society,16(1), pp.392-402. Hoffmann, C.P., Lutz, C. and Meckel, M., 2014. Digital natives or digital immigrants? The impact of user characteristics on online trust.Journal of Management Information Systems,31(3), pp.138-171. Kirk, C.P., Chiagouris, L., Lala, V. and Thomas, J.D., 2015. How do digital natives and digital immigrants respond differently to interactivity online?.Journal of Advertising Research,55(1), pp.81-94. Ololube, N.P., Kpolovie, P.J., Amaele, S., Amanchukwu, R.N. and Briggs, T., 2013. Digital natives and digital immigrants: A study of Information Technology and Information Systems (IT/IS) usage between students and faculty of Nigerian universities.International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE),9(3), pp.42-64. Palfrey, J.G. and Gasser, U., 2013.Born digital: Understanding the first generation of digital natives. Basic Books. Wang, Q.E., Myers, M.D. and Sundaram, D., 2013. Digital natives and digital immigrants.Business Information Systems Engineering,5(6), pp.409-419. Yong, S.T. and Gates, P., 2014. Born digital: Are they really digital natives?International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning,4(2), p.102. d Teacher Education,29, pp.122-131.

Drug Cartels in Mexico

Introduction Drug abuse is a global problem affecting countries all over the world. Common drugs that are being abused include bhang, cocaine and heroin just to mention a few (Lyman 102). The increasing number of companies producing and distributing drugs is the reason behind the increasing drug abuse. It is important to note that the most numerous group of drug abusers in the world is the youth. The reason for that is the pressure from their peers who are using the drugs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Cartels in Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drug abusers get the drugs from drug dealers who manage drug cartels (Lyman 145). Mexico is one of the nations where drug cartels are rampant. This is attributable to the geographical location and the fact that it is the origin of drugs such as cannabis and heroin. This paper seeks to analyze the history of drug dealers in Mexico as well as the impact they h ave on Mexico and other nations. History of drug dealers in Mexico The historical link of drug trafficking in Mexico has a lot to do with Mario Villanueva who was known as the governor of â€Å"narco† and General Gutierrez Rebello who was an antidrug czar (Oyarvide 1). While Mario is currently imprisoned in the USA, Gutierrez is serving his term in a Mexican prison. According to sociologist Luis Astorga, the history of drug cartels in Mexico has a correlation with the political eras in the region. This means that drug trafficking in Mexico is rampant in political periods. Astorga gives a four period timeline of the years 1914 to 1947, 1947 to 1985, 1985 to 2000 and from 2000 to date. The last period is during the reign of Vincente Fox who was a member of a non-PRI political party. Astorga indicates that most of the drug dealers in Mexico began operating during the 1910 industrial revolution. Despite the fact that the laws inhibiting the production and sale of drugs such as ma rijuana and opium were enforced, the sale of drugs was facilitated by the governors who worked together with the drug dealers. Above all, the origin of drug cartels in Mexico can be traced to Miguel Gallardo, the founder of Guadalajara cartel. Miguel was a federal police agent who controlled drug trade across the border of Mexico and USA (Oyarvide 1). He is the man behind the smuggling of drugs such as marijuana and opium into the American soil. Effects of Drug cartels Drug cartels in Mexico are arranged in ranks, with the falcons being the lowest in rank. The falcons have the responsibility of getting information on the ground and pass it on to the other members of the cartels. As such, they are the eyes and ears of the drug cartels. The hitmen, lieutenants, and the drug lords, who are highest in rank, follow the falcons respectively. Nevertheless, other groups of people operating in drug cartels include producers and suppliers of the drugs. Common drug cartels in Mexico include La Familia, Los Negros, Tijuana, Los Caballeros, Los Zetas, and the Gulf Cartel just to mention a few (Grillo 1).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mexican drug cartels have had significant effects on the economic, social, and political stability of Mexico. First of all, they have been the reason behind the unending violence in Mexico, which has claimed the deaths of many people. In fact, statistics from the attorney general’s office in Mexico indicate that nine out of ten victims of drug war were die-hard members of the Mexican drug cartels. The reason for this conflict is the fight against drug cartels by the Mexican president Calderon. Calderon doubled the number of federal police officers in charge of seizing drug traffickers. This conflict is also the reason behind the September 2008 grenade attacks in Morelia, which led to the death of over 100 people. Drug cartels i n Mexico have also led to corruption of government officials as they take bribes from the leaders of drug cartels. Most leaders favor particular cartels and in turn, they are guaranteed votes from the members and followers of those cartels. This brings about the issue of corruption. In addition, drug cartels are responsible for social problems such as human trafficking, exploitation of immigrants, and murder of politicians among other problems (Oyarvide 1). Impact on other nations and the USA Mexican cartels have also had a significant impact on other nations such as USA, China, countries of Europe and the Middle East. For instance, Mexican cartels pose the greatest threat in crime to the United States. They are also responsible for several killings, home invasions, and kidnappings in the United States of America. Statistics indicate that about 19 citizens of the United States were killed in 2008 and another 92 killed in 2009 and 2010. These deaths are claimed to be linked to the Me xican drug cartels. Conclusion Taking all of that into account, it is clear that drug cartels in Mexico have had a negative impact on the stability of Mexico and the world at large. The reason is that the Mexican government has put measures of fighting drug cartels in an effort to eliminate them. Elimination of drug cartels in Mexico will not only make the nation stable but it will also rejuvenate the peace status that the nation enjoyed before the emergence of drug cartels. Works Cited Grillo, Ioan. Mexico cracks down on violence. 2006. Web. https://www.seattlepi.com/national/article/Mexico-cracks-down-on-violence-1222154.php Lyman, Michael. Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts and Control. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing, 2010. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Cartels in Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oyarvide, Cesar. Drug traffic and state in Mexico: The history of a centenary arrangement. 2 010. Web. https://readersupportednews.org/pm-section/104-104/4088-drug-traffic-and-state-in-mexico-the-history-of-a-centenary-arrangement This essay on Drug Cartels in Mexico was written and submitted by user Gianna Jennings to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Planted History essays

Planted History essays There would be no environmental history without a human context. Californias Yosemite Valley has an organic and geological history written in its plants and rock formations and a silent history that took place on the tails of Manifest Destiny , where the landscape was merely a setting for a human plot that is largely excluded from institutional memory today. The subjective telling of Yosemites past through both text and image maps the American consciousness of a celebrated national park. By drawing from Rebecca Solnits Water, or Forgetting the Past: Yosemite National Park, The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West by John Muir, and several period artistic interpretations of the area one can conclude that the idealized landscape of Yosemite is made not only of natural formations but cultural constructions of the past that carry into present day. In Water, or Forgetting the Past: Yosemite National Park Rebecca Solnit attempts to measure the cultural impact of a nature reserve whose violent human history was, and remains, dominated by omissive media. The laws that protect Yosemite National Park elevate it to a status above commonplace earth. As Victorians mixed their taste for scenery with piety and sought hard for traces of a God (256) Yosemite carved a spiritual niche for itself and became a standard by which other nature could be measured. During this time the language used for describing art, landscapes and spirituality overlapped, nature meant not only the material and observable world but the natural state of man in contrast to a state of grace. The park was signed into existence by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. Yosemite was created at a time in American history burdened with discord and on the heels of an artistic and intellectual movement known as romanticism. Yosemite became a vehicle for American pride and patriotism, embodying not only...

Sustainable Urban Development at the City level Essay

Sustainable Urban Development at the City level - Essay Example In order to achieve this success, Bristol the city of UK is one of the most popular cities regarding the urban sustainable development. It is covering the aspects like promoting local food, promoting local and implementable agricultural programs, sustainable infrastructure designs, proper allocation of the resources, helping the organizations to cut down the carbon emissions, promoting the local transport through walking and use of buses instead of over burdened cars and promoting sustainable development phenomena through implementing education. ... It is very important to get to know that what the sustainable development is. Sustainable development is defined as â€Å"Meeting the demands of present generation without comprising on the demands of future generation to come, it is a proper use of all the resources within the society that are not deficient in terms of future usage†. It is to sustain the needs of upcoming generations. The phenomenon of sustainable development is being applied worldwide as the societies get to know of its utmost importance. But it is a matter of long debate that the implementation of the theoretical sustainable development is possible in the real sense or not? The reason is mainly because there are certain other factors that goes side by side with the sustainable development, that if sufficient could benefit the society and of not, could be a loss. URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:- The population of the world is probable to be increased to 9 billion till 2050. As a matter of concern, the main is sue throughout the world is the rapid growth in urbanization of the countries and most of the populations heading towards the urban areas, this could increase many problems within the society if the idea of sustainable development cannot be met within the provide times. The cities around the world due to their distribution of goods and services, technologies, opportunities have gained a lot of attention in the people’s eye from near and far. The issues such as solid waste, over population, water and sanitation, unplanned city, infrastructure, education, town and city planning, communication and natural resource management are the indicators of the urban sustainable development. Therefore, it is very important to develop a holistic

The Wow Factor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Wow Factor - Essay Example The themes that run throughout the article are interaction and a good story line. These may not be revolutionary, but it reminds us of the possibilities we have to relate information to children. The demand placed on teachers to improve math performance at an early age has brought with it unique approaches. Learning the basic concept of numbers at an early age can greatly facilitate the mastering of math at a later date. There is definitely a need to incorporate math into the variety of other subjects that we present to children. A child develops an interest in a number when the number becomes a character. As the story unfolds, the number is presented in a scenario that other numbers interact with, or present a problem that demands a solution. The child gets this intuitively and garners knowledge of the concept of numbers. When confronted with mathematics, they will have the mental picture and an understanding of the relationship that numbers have. It will aid in their ability to format a problem in a context that makes sense to them, and gives them a foothold in creating possible solutions. This approach to how children learn places a responsibility on the classroom teacher to be creative in their approach to education. As teachers, we need to remain cognizant of the fact that different children learn in different ways.

Importance Factors in Crime Scene Preservation

Importance Factors in Crime Scene Preservation According to the lecture on crime scene management the process of crime scene management is as follows. The different role players within the SAPS respond to the crime scene with due consideration personal safety, while at same time looking for potential evidence and possible suspects. The researcher wants to determine whether the role players from the components such as the visible policing, detectives and the Local Criminal Record Centre attended the murder crime scenes with the purpose of obtaining the required evidential material for linking suspects with the crime scene and for court purposes, further to determine whether such role players has the expertise to identify possible suspects at the murder scenes, SAPS (2006). In terms of SAPS, DCLP (2006) and SAPS Policy Number 1 (2004) on crime scene management, the procedure in the crime scene of crime is as follows: The first member to arrive at the crime scene will receive the crime scene from the members of the public and immediately take control of the scene and identify the injured victims. The first member will establish the command centre and act as Acting Commander for the Centre until the Official Commander is appointed. The Acting Commander will administers all the resources as required by the crime scene role-players examples of such resources are visible policing, Specialized units, Emergency services, Defence Force units etc and if the scope of the crime scene escalates (i.e) incident where public order policing or the task force is required, a major aircraft crash or any major operation), the command centre will further supported by the establishment of a field joint operational centre. The establish excess routes to the crime scene for control purpose. The first member will hand over the crime scene to the appointed crime scene manager on arrival who will be accompanied by the detectives and the crime scene technician and conduct a detail inspection to determine certain key aspects of the crime scene. The crime scene manager, the crime scene technician and the investigating officer will gain on the first walk through plan and agree on the crime scene investigation, processing strategy and methodology which they will follow. The crime scene manager will appoints the investigating officer who will be the principal investigator and be responsible for the maintaining of the case docket, investigating officer to co-ordinates the investigating team and for the maintaining the investigation diary and keeping track of the whole process and the investigating team is responsible for information gathering and proceeds which the interviewing of witnesses and taking down statements (SAPS 2006). The crime manager will also appoints the crime scene technician who will be the principal processing expert on the crime scene and evaluates the evidence possibilities and assembles the processing team with the correct skills to effectively process the crime scene. Crime scene technician will be supported by specialists available to assist the processing team on the crime; such specialists are provided by the Forensic Science Laboratory, Pathology, etc. The processing team will prepare a realistic visual representation of the scene to a court of law (SAPS 2006). After the crime scene team has completed their activities in the crime scene, the crime scene manager will conducts a final walk through of the scene, accompanied by the investigating officer and the crime scene technician. The purpose of walk-through is to review the activity of the investigation and processing team, ensuring that the original plan has been executed. The crime scene manager will conduct a debriefing with all role players as the last opportunity to collect any wrong decision made during the process and to ensure that all required actions have been performed. The crime scene manager will restore the crime scene and ensuring that all equipments has been removed and authorised the crime scene to be released to the public (SAPS 2006). Sometime after the event the crime scene manager calls a meeting with all the relevant role players to evaluate the process for lessons learnt planning the on going investigation, commenced on successes and identify mistakes. Cox (2009) in her article, explains that in order to ensure that the evidence is protected, the first person at the crime scene should secure it with barriers and or crime scene tapes soon after arriving at the crime scene, in addition, some should act as security guard so that people who do not belong at the location are kept out of the crime scene. According to Lee, Palmbach Miller, (2001), the first responders to a crime scene are usually Police, Emergency Medical personnel or Fire Department personnel. Their actions at the scene are often the foundation for the successful resolution of the crime. These first responding Officers are also in many cases some of the individuals, who may, through the course of doing their job, inadvertently change or alter the crime scene from its original condition, Lee, et al (2001). They further emphasized that those persons must do their job but they must always keep in mind that they will begin the process of linking the crime scene to the victim, the witness and ultimately, to the suspect. Any disruption of the crime scene may prevent the link to the suspect. The critical matters such as training, education, experience are all necessary for any potential first responder Lee et al, (2001). The process to be followed according to Roland (2007) correspond with (SAPS 2006) in the sense that the first Officers to respond are responsible for the securing the crime scene and preserving it as they found it. This means ensuring that nothing is touched or moved so that any physical evidence is not compromised or contaminated, if there are victims displaying signs of life the Police will call a team of Paramedics to give on site assistance if they did not respond to the initial emergency call. The injured can then be removed to Hospital, but dead bodies need to be left as they were found since vital causes can be obtained from studying the position and condition of the victim. The senior investigating officer will begin by interviewing the officers who were first on the scene to get their initial impression of the location and the behaviour of those who were directly involved. In a murder enquiry the suspects residence will require searching as well as the site where the body of the victim has been discovered. Team is led by a crime scene controller who answers to a superior the superior then reports to the investigating officer. When the crime scene is a house, an apartment, commercial building or vehicle all which can be sealed off and examined in the minutes detail and if murder or violent attack has occurred in one area of a building . The whole property will be considered relevant to the case and will be scoured for clause. When exterior location Police may have to extend the perimeter to includes vehicle tyre tracks, footprints and areas where there is a change of finding personal items, discarded cigarettes butts, a weapon or trace evidence which might have been snagged on undergrowth. It is a burial site for murder victims. There could be other makeshift graves in the area all in which will save to be excavates, photographed and combined for physical evidence. Exterior scene may also have to be isolated by a tent to protect evidence from the effects of whether and to exclude the prying eyes of curiosity seekers and media Roland (2007). It is clear that the procedure for the first person to arrive at the scene of crime is to ensure that the crime is protected for potential evidence. Cox(2009), Lee, el at 2001) and Roland (2007) support the (SAPS1 (2004) on crime scene management as well as the SAPS DCLP (2006). Wayne, Patherick, Brent, Turvey, Claire Ferguson (2010) indicates that particular attention should be given to determine if this is the only scene or whether there are secondary crime scenes that need to be located. Investigators will have only a limited amount of time to work a crime site in its untouched state. The opportunity to permanently record the scene in its original state must not be lost, such records will not only be useful during an investigation but are also required for presentation at trial Wayne et al (2010). Wayne et al (2010) has also stated that it is important that upon arrival at the scene investigators implement crime scene procedures, supervise uniform personnel and provide direction to the investigation to facilitate this. An investigative team should be nominated. This team should consist of an arresting officer, a corroborating officer, and an exhibit officer. This procedure is standard in most Police services for any major crime. The exhibits officer is responsible for protection and collection of exhibits, through to the examination of exhibits and their final production in court cases. The arresting officer and the corroborating officer are responsible for interaction with suspects and have final responsibility prosecuting the matter to trial. This team should be overseen by a senior Detective who has a broad management role in ensuring that a major incident room (MIR) or command post is established to support and manage investigative functions at the crime scene and also at later stages of the investigations Wayne et al (2010). Furthermore Wayne et at (2010) elaborates the initial assessment stage of crime scene that the trained investigators should have control of the investigation and begin to identify possible witnesses and suspects they should begin this stage by evaluating physical evidence located with a view to assisting with suspect generation by prioritising the most evidence (e.g) DNA located at a scene is powerful evidence as compared to an un-identified item such as clothing). It is also at this point that the investigators should familiarise themselves with the victim by performing interviews with the victim if still alive, or alternatively by conducting a victim logy (or profile) if the victim is the deceased. The profile should include the history of the victim, associates, criminal links, family and financial records. This step is important because the characteristics of a victim can provide links to possible suspects in particular, investigators may be able to draw inferences about the offe nders motive, modus operandi, and signatures behaviour (Turvey, 1999). Having done this, the investigators should be able to know the information about the victim. Wayne et al (2010). According to Wayne et al (2010) during the investigation stage the investigators undertake the most challenging work. At this point investigators must attempt to establish a motive for the crime, if this can be done, it must be accurate, then this information will greatly assist in reducing the suspect pool. Witness account also need to be closely examined at this stage and evaluated as to the assistance they can build a profile for the suspect. In this stage investigators should be ensuring that trained experts are evaluating all available physical evidence. Wayne et al (2010) further explain about the target stage of having carried out thorough examination of the crime scene, investigators need to build a profile for potential suspects from evidence available during the target stage. The investigators should then test the velocity of the evidence by seeking links between the suspect and the crime. All available evidence needs to be channelled into providing a nexus between the susp ect and the victim, in relation to time, place and motive. It is at this point the investigators need to be fully conversant with the investigations gathered by investigators with regards to build a profile for potential suspects. The investigators should develop an investigative interview plan so that when the suspect is confronted, the investigators are clear of the direction and purpose of the action or questioning that they undertake in the arrest stage, Wayne (et al 2010). According to Jackson, Andrew and Jackson, Julie (2004) the duties of the first Police Officer attending and preservation of the crime scene is as follows: Maintain the value of any physical evidence that may be present. Carry out an initial assessment of the scene. Deal with any emergencies (the overriding duty of the first officer attending is to preserve life, irrespective of whether crucial evidence is destroyed in the process). Call for assistance as necessary. Preserve the scene (unless it has been decided that physical evidence will not be recovered. Make an appropriate records of his or her assessment and actions (included in this times at which any key events took place, such as the first officer attending arrival at the scene and any estimated time of the incident that may be available from, for example, eyewitnesses. Communicate his or her assessment and actions to those who will take over the responsibility for the processing of the scene and or those responsible for the investigation of the case. Provide appropriate information about the processing of the case to those members of the public who are directly involved. The fi rst officer attending the crime scene must during his or her initial assessment, ascertain whether any of the following are present or nearby. Injured persons victims. Eyewitnesses (who should be kept separate from one another, by the first officer attending need to avoid conversation between the eye witnesses that could distort their memories of the incident). Suspects (who must be kept separate from each other and from witnesses) it should be borne in mind that seemingly innocent might, in fact be suspects in case. Further Jackson et al (2004) provides that any crime scene from which physical evidence is recovered and recorded, this process is also known as documenting the crime scene. This is done by making written notes that are augmented by photographs, video recordings and or sketches, as appropriate Jackson et al (2004). Jackson et al (2004) also mentioned the following recording on the crime scene. There must be a record of each item of physical evidence recorded from the scene, detailing the identified of the person who recovered it, the time and date at which it was recorded, the exact location from which it was taken and a description of the item involved. A log of all images taken of the scene (whether by still photographing conventional digital or video recording) describing for each images. The exact location of the camera operator The identity of the camera operator The direction in which the camera was pointed. The time and date at which it was captured. Any special lighting or other conditions used. Any special light or other condition used. The items and / or area of the scene from which the image was captured. A log of any sketches made of the scene. A detailed description of the surroundings of the crime scene. A record of the conditions of whether and light that prevailed during the processing of the scene and a thorough description of the crime scene itself in the condition in which it was found prior to the removal of any physical evidence, including details or any features that might be of evidential worth (such as the location and condition of any likely points of the entry and or exits by the individuals involved in the incident). It is clear that on the crime scene the physical evidence needs to be protected for potential evidence. Wayne et al (2010) and Jackson et al (2004:19) support to each other in terms of the process of crime scene management. According to Savino, John, Brent and Turvey (2005) provides the information to be learned from the crime scene as follows: Investigators can experience the sights, smells and sound of the crime scene, as the victim and the offender perceived them. Investigators can experience the spatial relationship with the scene. Investigators can experience how open, or secluded the scene is, suggesting possible witnesses. Investigators can experience how accessible or hidden the scene is to those not from the area, suggesting possible suspect populations. Investigators can learn what kind of traffic (vehicle and pedestrian), residences or businesses are nearby, suggesting possible witnesses and suspect populations. Investigators can experience transfer evidence first hand, vegetation, soil, glass, fibres, and any other material that may have transferred on to the victim or offender may transfer on to them, providing examples of what to look for on suspect clothing or in suspects vehicles. Investigators can walk victim and offender routes themselves, seeing the sight first hand, in order to discover additional witnesses and suspect population. This witnesses can include businesses with active surveillance camera that may have recorded some or all of the crime Savino et al (2005). The attentive investigators may discover items of evidence previously thought lost and according to Savino and Turvey (2005) further elaborate the crime scene dos and donts that, locards exchange principle. Every contact result in a transfer of evidence contact between items in around and obliterate it. The investigator needs to be on the crime scene and have some contact with the evidence, as do Forensic personnel however, reasonable steps can be taken to minimize how much evidence is added, moved and obliterated consider the following guidelines. Do not enter the crime scene until you have signed in on the crime scene security log. If there is not a security log, start one. The security log should contain name, agency, function, time in and out, and clothing description for later exclusionary purposes. One person should be assigned to maintain the log. Make certain that someone is assigned to photograph the crime scene and surrounding areas. Part of this assignment involves maintaining a log of each roll of film and each item and location photograph. Make certain that someone is assigned to sketch the crime scene. A rough sketch should be prepared at the scene showing measurements between items of evidence and spatial relationships within the scene. A final or smooth sketch is prepared later, based on notes, photos, and other information gathered from the scene (Lee). Make certain that someone is assigned to maintain and evidence log. Do not collect multiple items of evidence in one bag or under one evidence number. This provides for potential cross -contamination. Wear disposable latex gloves at all times- this will help prevents the transfer of fingerprints, sweat, and other material from your bare hand on the scene. Change gloves every time you touch a new item on the scene. This will help prevent cross-contamination between items at the same that you have touched. Do not dispose gloves by carelessly discarding them in the scene. They could wind up in the crime scene photo obscuring evidence, or worse, somebody might collect them as evidence and run lab tests to determine their origin. Do not touch everything in sight. When you touch an object, you may move it from its original position or obliterate any evidence that may have been transferred to its surface during the crime, such as a fingerprints or biological fluids containing valuable DNA. Keep your hands in your pockets until they are needed. Do not wonder aimlessly through the crime scene. Do not touch, move or otherwise alter items of evidence before documenting them (photographs, measurements, etc) Do not stage collection effort from furniture involved in the crime. Set up your equipments elsewhere, away from areas of potential evidence transfer. Do not use the telephone on the scene. The offender may have used the phone. This evidence that should be seized and processed for fingerprints and other potential transfer evidence also, phone records should be checked for all incoming and outgoing local and long distance calls, as far back as possible. Do not use the television and / VCR at the scene. The offender may have used them, examine buttons for latent prints. Also, cable TV records should be checked both authors have worked cases where the offender has watched TV and / or ordered pornographic movies while waiting for the victim to return home. Do not use the bathroom. The offender may have the bathroom and may have lifted the toilet seat. The toilet should be seized and processed for fingerprints and other potential transfer evidence. Do not smoke, smoking changes smells of the air and results in hot ashes that have the potential to contaminate, melt, or even burn /ignite potential evidence. It also results in discarded cigarettes butts that may be confused as evidence. Do not eat into the crime scene and dropped food could contaminate or obliterate potential evidence. Do not drink. This is destruction and will results in refuse that could find its way into the crime scene and get more potential collected as evidence, also spilled liquids could contaminate or obliterate potential evidence. Do not spit, spitting result in the transfer of biological material into a crime scene. Do not bring civilians to a crime scene. This kind of thing show a lack of respect and professionalism, as well as introducing more potential transfer evidence into the scene and increasing the possibility that evidence may be carelessly contaminated or obliterated. Do not allow your superiors or colleagues to be civilians to a crime scene. Leave sealed containers sealed. Do not open sealed containers and sniff inside to determine the contents by odour. They may contain hazardours or toxic material such anhydrous ammonia, a necessary ingredient, especially the eye, skin, and respiratory tract will cause dehydration, cell destruction, and serve chemical burns. Do not touch pools of liquid in the crime scene. This is TV and movie behaviour done for dramatic effects to sell a scene, it has no place in real Forensic work. If you do not know what something is you think it is important follow the appropriate documentation and collection procedures and submit it to the LAB for analysis. Do not taste anything at the crime scene. This also TV behaviour done for dramatic effect to sell a scene, it has no place in real Forensic work. Do not interview the victim in the place where the attack occurred. This is extremely insensitive and may erode the trust between the victim and the investigator, to say nothing for potentially re-traumatising the victim. Do not leave the crime scene to get something to eat, play lotto, go back to the office, or work on something else, until you are done. Make written notes of everyone in the crime scene and each persons role. That way youll know whom to call later if you need statement. Take written notes of everything in the crime scene that get your attention because nothing is significant to record if it catches ones attention. Do not lead a victim family members from the crime scene through the area where there attack occurred unless there is no other way. Supervisors in charged of the crime scene with reviewing the work of an investigative unit do well to note those issues during performance reviews. They should also measure to ensure that once this kind of mistakes are discovered, they are not related. This can be accomplished by training and by the example set by seasoned investigators. Ignorance of physical evidence and protocol usually starts at the top, with those in charge and finds its way down through the ranks. Savino et al (2005). It is evident that members who attended the crime scene must follow the information guidelines of Savino et al (2005). According to Van Heerden (1982) the scene of crime can clarify, amongst others the following: The position of the deceased body and of various objects in relation to the body, can for example be important indications of the case of death. This means that whether the death is as results of murder, suicide or accident. The direction from which criminal approached the scene of crime and the manner in which the scene was left. The method used to commit the crime. The identity of the victim. The identity of the offender and the nature of his involvement in the crime. In view of the clarification as alluded by VAN HEERDEN (1982) it is important to illustrate how the potential evidence should be recognized, protected, recorded, collected and packaging, labelled or marked, submission for analysis, maintenance of chain of possession of presentation in court. Marais, Rooyen, Pretorius, De Beer, Smith and Mostert (1992) et al provides that the following legal requirements should be critical importance to the investigator. Before physical evidence can be collected it must obviously be recognized. In a murder investigation one usually concentrates on the weapon or object that was used that caused the death. A search is also made here for blood, hair, fibres and tissue in an effort to connect the criminal with the crime scene. Case and common sense should be always prevail with due precaution not to destroy physical evidence that may exist and the guidelines offered in this regard that the scene should be observed in its entirely and notes made of the location of all obvious physical clues, points of entry and exit signs of location (struggle) and the size and share in the area should be restricted and care taken not to destroy or to disturb any evidence during the examination, a suitable search method must be decided upon and during the search of an indoor scene. Special attention should be paid to fragile evidence that may be easily destroyed or contaminated. Places or objects where latent fingerprints may be found and other physical clues to be examined by the experts later need to be seemed. Comprehensive notes should also be made of all stains, spots, liquids and the like which could prove to have evidential value. The scene and surrounding areas must be demarcated off to ensure that valuable physical evidence is not destroyed or damaged by vehicles people or animals. The three main ways in which evidence is recorded are photographs sketches and written notes by the investigator. The photographs provides a permanent record of the object in the evident that subsequent handling alters or destroy it. An example is where attempts to make a plaster of a footprint ruin the impression or a laboratory examination, destroy the evidence an opportunity for the investigator to review the physical evidence in the case without handling the actual objects and opportunity for the officials of the court to examine evidence which is too dangerous, cumbersome or impressions on a door. Rough sketch of the scene is usually drawn by the investigator for the main purpose to indicate the precise location of people and objects involved. Specific measurements of distances on the area, and the exact location of all relevant evidence. The investigators notes contain the complete records of all evidence collected on the crime scene. Documentation of where and how the evidence was obtained, every items collected should be entered in the notes, the date, time, exact location and circumstances of how each item of evidence was obtained, should be included as well as a full description of it and how the evidence was marked Van Heerden (1982). Collection and packaging of the physical evidence provides that great care must be taken to collect all objects and samples intact, uncontaminated, un-mutilated and it should be borne in mind that to satisfy legal requirements related to its introduction at a judicial proceeding, the investigator must be able to identify each piece of evidence, even years after it was collected, described the location and condition of the item at the time it was collected. Assist in establishing that, from the time of its collection until presentation in court, the evidence was continuously in proper custody and assist in describing any changes which may have occurred in the evidence between the time of collection and the subsequent introduction as evidence in court and the adherence to correct packaging techniques is essential. Faulty packaging can result in contamination, evaporation, scratching, binding, damaging and general loss of physical evidence. Packaging and the packaging material must be o f such quality that evidence do not move about and get damaged during the following process: The investigator should mark each item as soon as possible after discovered. The basic information on the label should include : type of evidence (fibres, hair, metal drillings, soil etc) date and time of day evidence samples were collected, case number, exhibit number or other identifying number and source from which the sample was obtained that is victim s shirt, collar, front doorknob, left headlight or automobile etc. Preservation of the integrity of physical evidence is a continuous responsibility from the time it is discovered until the time it is presented in court or until the final settlement of the case determines its description. Preservation implies maintaining the evidence without altering tampering, contamination, loss or injury, physical evidence. Preservation involves forwarding to the laboratory for examination and analysis, obtaining it from the laboratory and keeping it safe under lock and key where it cannot be tampered with until it is delivered in court. In submission of physical evidence for analysis, only physical evidence that has a bearing on the committed crime should be send to the laboratory. No restriction is placed on the nature and number of samples. The chances of success are usually personally enhanced by the more samples that are received. Physical evidence is usually personally delivered to the laboratory or sent by post or trial. It is sometimes necessary for the c rime investigator to personally deliver physical evidence to the laboratory. In practice the method of delivery is determined by the distance from the laboratory, the seriousness of the case and the size of the physical evidence to mark all exhibits clearly that is the station case number e.g. exhibit A seal all exhibits with legible seal number, the full addresses of the sender and the Forensic Science Laboratory must appear on each parcel and a covering minute in duplicate must accompany each exhibit with the requirement that two(2) covering minutes must accompany each individual parcel Van Heerden (1982). With maintenance of the chain of possession, continuity of possession, that is the continuous safekeeping and identification of physical evidence, is essentially important in the individualisation when the crime investigator fails to properly identify or safe keep samples, that is, objects or items found at the crime scene or in possession f the perpetrator, it lowers the value of laboratory analysis to a minimum. The integrity of physical evidence is often questioned by the defence in court. The correct methods applied during collection, marking and packaging of evidence may nullified if account cannot be given of the persons who handled evaluated or safeguard the samples in order to preserve the integrity of physical evidence to limit the number of individuals who handle the evidence from the time it is found to the time it is presented in court. If the evidence leaves once possession, records in your notes to whom it was given in time and date, the reason for being given to anothe r and when and by whom it was returned, ensure that the persons handling the evidence affix their names, force number and assignment to the package. Obtain a signed receipt from the person accepting the evidence when the evidence in returned, check for your identification